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Karl Ziegler Morgan (September 27, 1907 – June 8, 1999), was an American physicist who was one of the founders of the field of radiation health physics. Late in life, after a long career in the Manhattan Project and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, he became a critic of nuclear power and nuclear weapons production. Born in Enochville, North Carolina, Karl Morgan attended the University of North Carolina, where he graduated with bachelor's and master's degrees in physics and mathematics. He continued graduate study in physics at Duke University, where he received a PhD degree in 1934 for research into cosmic radiation. He began an academic career as a faculty member at Lenoir Rhyne College, but in 1943 was recruited to work in the secret project to develop an atomic bomb.〔Pearce Wright, (Karl Morgan ), ''The Guardian'', Tuesday 15 June 1999〕〔Leland R. Johnson, (Karl Z. Morgan ), ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''〕〔 Initially at the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory and later in Oak Ridge, Morgan joined a small group of physicists who were interested in the health effects of radiation.〔Dick Smyser, "Founder of the science of health physics and also a pioneer of the environmental movement," ''The Oak Ridger'', June 24, 1999〕 Morgan became director of health physics at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), serving from the late 1940s until his retirement in 1972. In 1955 he became the first president of the Health Physics Society, and was editor of the journal ''Health Physics'' from 1955 to 1977.〔(Angry Genie: One Man's Walk Through the Nuclear Age )〕 After his retirement from ORNL, he joined the faculty of Georgia Institute of Technology as professor of nuclear energy in the school of nuclear engineering, retiring from that position in 1982, when he became a consulting professor at Appalachian State University.〔"Dr. Karl Z. Morgan; Pioneer health physicist," ''The Oak Ridger'', June 10, 1999〕 After decades as a "pillar of the nuclear establishment", Morgan had a "change of heart" about nuclear weapons production and nuclear power. He began to offer court testimony which was friendly to people who said they had been harmed by nuclear weapons and the nuclear power industry. In October 1982, he testified in a lawsuit brought by nearly 1,200 people who accused the government of negligence in atomic weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site in the 1950s, which they said had caused leukemia and other cancers. Morgan, then 75 years old, testified that radiation protection measures in the tests were substandard.〔(Karl Z. Morgan, 91, Founder of the Field Of Health Physics, Dies in Tennessee )〕 Morgan also testified on behalf of Navajo uranium miners and their survivors, saying government officials had known about mine radiation dangers but had not protected the miners. He also testified in the case of Karen Silkwood against Kerr-McGee.〔 Morgan's autobiography, ''The Angry Genie: One Man's Walk Through the Nuclear Age'' was published in 1999 by the University of Oklahoma Press.〔 He died in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, on June 8, 1999, apparently from a ruptured aortic aneurysm.〔〔(K.Z. Morgan, health physics pioneer, dies ), ''ORNL Reporter'', July 1999〕 ==See also== *Anti-nuclear movement in the United States *List of nuclear whistleblowers *Nuclear safety 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karl Z. Morgan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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